FRA- EUROPEAN UNION AGENCY FOR FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS

Discrimination and hate crime against Jews in EU Member States: experiences and perceptions of antisemitism

FRA- agencija za fundamentalna prava Europske Unije je provela istraživanje   "iskustvo i percepcija antisemitizma" o diskriminaciji i mržnji premaŽidovima u Europskim zemljama

Conclusions Zaključci

The survey results show the extent and nature of hatecrime, discrimination and antisemitism as perceived and experienced by Jewish people in eight EU Member States – Belgium, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy,Latvia, Sweden and the United Kingdom.

In almost all EU Member States included in the survey, antisemitic comments on the internet emerge as an issue of primary importance to the respondents... They prompt further questions on how to effectively protect fundamental rights in the sphere of the internet while giving due attention to freedom of expression. Antisemitic comments on the internet could be one of the many diverse factors that contribute to Jewish people’s feelings of worryof becoming victims of hate crime.

Istraživanje je pokazalo intenzitet i prirodu zločina mržnje, diskriminacije i antisemitizma  kako ga vide (  i imaju iskustva) Židovi u osam zemalaja članica EU: Belgiji, Francuskoj, Njemačkoj, Mađarskoj, Italiji, Latviji,  Švedskoj i Ujedinjenom kraljevstvu. Gotovo  polovina ispitanika 46% je   pokazala zabrinutost  zbog verbalnih napada ili izazivanja na javnim mjestima ( u posljednjih 12 mjeseci), a jedna trećina (33%) se boji fizičkih napada. 

Dok incidenti antisemitskog nasilja i vandalizma na vlasništvu koje pripada židovskim pojedincima ili zajednicama,   imaju pažnju medija i političkih debata, ipak  se Židovi  susreću s diskriminacijom osobito u poslu i edukaciji. Žrtve se najčešće pbraćaju Židovskim organizacijama koje su specijalizirane  sa sigurnosne mjere ( u onim zemljama gdje takve organizacije postoje).Takve organizacije  mogu ohrabriti da s ljudi obrate policiji,pomažu da se zadovolji pravda i doibije odšeta ili su potpora za primjenu "Victims Directive (2012/29/EU).

Posebno prikazujemo poglavlje Izvještaja o negiranju i "trivijalizaciji" Holokausta

5.2.    Holocaust denial and trivialisation

According to the EU’s Framework Decision on Racism and Xenophobia, 33 EU Member States must ensure that incitement to hatred based on race, religion or ethnic origin, and denying or trivialising the Holocaust is punishable by criminal law.

Member States should have taken the necessary measures to comply with the provisions of the Framework Decision by 28 November 2010. Article 10 of the Framework Decision stipulates that, based on information provided by the Member State and a report by the European Commission, the Council of the European Union shall assess the extent to which Member States have complied with the provisions of the Framework Decision by 28 November 2013.

The survey measured respondents’ awareness of legal safeguards against incitement to hatred as well as Holocaust denial and trivialisation. In seven of the eight EU Member States included in the survey, most respondents are aware of the existence of laws against incitement to violence or hatred against Jews.

 In countries other than Latvia, two thirds or more of respondents – from 65 % in Hungary to 84 % in France – said that such a law exists.

Survey results show considerable country-specific variation in awareness of laws against denying or trivialising the Holocaust. Respondents in Latvia are the most convinced that such a law does not exist in the country; 42 % answered ‘don’t know’, which could also mean that they are unsure of whether or not such a law exists. In Sweden 27 % of respondents, in the United Kingdom 32 % and in Italy 41 % considered that their countries legislates against denying or trivialising the Holocaust.