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JDC istraživanje 2011
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Second European Jewish Leaders Survey 2011
The Second European Jewish Leaders Survey explored a host of issues informing the perspectives and policies of Jewish leaders across Europe. Conducted by a research team of Trinity College (Hartford, US) between June and October 2011.
Drugo istraživanje na evropskim židovskim liderima proveo je tim iz Trinity Collega (US) između lipnja i kolovoza 2011.
U istraživanju su bili intervjui na 328 lidera iz 32 zemlje , među njima su bili voditelji organizacija, sadašnji i bivši direktori odbora, rabini svih denominacija, školski rukovodioci , intelektualci i oni koji utječu na stvaranje "mišljenja", vlasnici medija, akademici itd.
Ovo se istraživanje provodi svake tri godine upotrebljavajući isti format pitanja koje traže od učesnika pogled na glavne izazove i pitanja, koja se tiču evropskih židovskih zajednica u 2011. kao i njihovo očekivanje kako će se situacija u zajednici razvijati u slijedećih 5-10 godina.
U prilogu je zaključak istraživanja, upozoravamo da su se prilike u 2012. godini znatno promijenile i da bi sada prognoze bile drugačije, nego u ljeto 2011 godine
, osobito u odnosu na pojave novog antisemitizma u Evropi.
Executive Summary
They were organized under the following headings:
Vision & Change;Decision-making & Accountability;Lay Leadership; Professional Leadership;Status Issues & Intermarriage; Population Groups;Organizational Frameworks:Funding; Denominational Tensions; Anti-Semitism/Security ; Europe; Israel; Priority Topic Choices for the Community Respondents
... Several points should be taken into consideration regarding the results of the survey:
Firstly, 80% of the respondents are from “within” the communities (54% lay leaders; 25% community professionals; 3% rabbis) constituting an approximation of a representative sample of Jewish community leaders.
Secondly, the survey process was conducted in full transparency and respondent attitudes and opinions were aired confidentially and without censorship...
These focused on issues within the leadership’s sphere of influence. The three highest priorities in order of importance were: including young leadership in decision making bodies; strengthening Jewish education; supporting Jews in need in your community.
Younger respondents were more likely to prioritize non-institutional/entrepreneurial activities but place less importance on combating anti-Semitism, while older leaders are more likely to prioritize supporting Jews in distress around the world and supporting Jews in need in the community.
Threats to the Future of Jewish Life
A majority of respondents cited alienation of Jews from Jewish community life (67%) and demographic decline (60%) as major threats to the future of Jewish life. The Orthodox describe mixed marriages as a very serious threat to a higher percentage than other groups, though the proportion has shrunk from approximately 60% (2008) to approximately 40% (2011).
Status Issues & Intermarriage
Issues concerning Jewish status, non-Orthodox conversions, and community membership are important concerns in all communities.
The overall tendency is to be inclusive and accommodating rather than exclusive and strict. For example, 93% of respondents showed a range
of inclusive attitudes to the issue of accepting childrenof mixed marriages in Jewish schools and less than 1% supported their total refusal. Opinions on these matters were mostly divided according to religious denomination and in some cases they were sources of community tensions as reported by respondents (42% expect
denominational tensions to increase in the future).
Community Financial Situations
,,,, As regards the next 5-10 years, responses tended
toward pessimism: 38% expected the general financial situation of the community to deteriorate somewhat or significantly and only 28% expected it to improve somewhat or significantly.
Security & Safety
Respondents were asked how safe they felt to live and practise as Jews in their countries. Most European Jewish leaders felt secure with 26%reporting that they felt very safe and 62% reporting that they felt rather safe. Only 9% felt rather unsafe and a mere 3% not safe at all. . This lack of regional variation is noteworthy and of historical significance for Jews in Europe.
It is important to point out that this survey was carried out before the terrorist attack against a Jewish school in Toulouse , France in March 2012.
Anti-Semitism
Anti-Semitism was not considered to be a major threat to
Europe’s Jewish leaders (only 26% considered it as a very serious threat). When asked if they expected changes over the course of the next 5-10 years regarding anti-Semitism, however, respondents tended to be slightly pessimistic with 49% expecting the prejudice to increase. Western European respondents were more likely to consider anti-
Semitism as a threat than were Eastern Europeans (30%
vs. 14%). Right-wing nationalist parties, however, were widely considered to be a threat (46%). Europe
Both as a Jewish and a general political project, Europe
is very popular among respondents. The 51% who believe it important that their community belong to European Jewish organizations contrasts, however, with the significantly smaller percentage (15%) who
describe themselves as being familiar with the goals and programmes of the main European Jewish organizations. Furthermore only 22% of respondents declared they had direct knowledge of other Jewish communities in Europe. Jewish solidarity and a European Jewish identity were strongly supported.
Israel
The relationship with the State and people of Israel is regarded as of great importance to European Jewish communities but there is wide recognition that this relationship has become more problematic and contentious in recent years, as events in the Middle East have reverberated through Europe.
It was perhaps in recognition of this fact that the greatest consensus (at 85% agreement) agreed that Jewish communities should provide opportunities for members to share different opinions and points of view on Israel and its policies. There was also a strong consensus (85%) affirming that events in Israel sometimes lead to an increase of anti-Semitism in my country.
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